World War Ii the American Experience

World War II: The American Experience HIS120 Date World War II: The American Experience It is no known secret that America attempted to reframe from becoming a part of what was projected as being a major war which started with the European culture. Historians believe that the second war was a contribution of the Great Depression which caused for America to seize from their investments in Europe. This caused for a struggle of power in Europe which provide an opportunity for Hitler and Stalin to obtain control over Europe. However receiving control over Britain would become a challenge.The prime minister at that time knew in order to survive he would need an alliance; the United States. With Germany, Italy, and Japan seizing majority of Europe, President Roosevelt agreed to support Britain in the war in order to promote the â€Å"Four Freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom for want, and freedom for fear† (Schultz, 2012). With the booming of Pearl Harbor on Dece mber 7, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war. Once war was declared and with Hitler also declaring war on the United States; this became the beginning of World War II.North African Campaign Figure 1. Allied Operations in World War II, 1942-1945 American troops entered into North Africa in late 1943. The North African Campaign, better known as the Desert War, took place in North African desert which surrounded those areas of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and the Western Sahara (United States History, 2012). After the Axis (name given for the Germane, Italian, and Japanese) were defected in France, Northern Africa became the focus of conquering.It is stated that the North African Campaign was fought for not only one reason but for two reasons. The Suez Canal was the first objective to gain control over for the reason that the Suez Canal will be the source of controlling the Middle East. The second objective for the North African Campaign was the Middle E ast oil supply and resources. Egypt was a main focus due to the location in which was at the center of the Eastern Mediterranean, Abyssinia, and the Middle East (United States History, 2012). Operation torch was lead by General Bernard Montgomery.During operation torch, British troops were in Egypt fighting the Germany’s while American troops launched an invasion of French North Africa (United States History, 2012). The objective for operation torch was to gain control of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia which were all under the French dictatorship. By having control, the Allies (Britain, Soviet Union, and the United States) wanted to push the Axis out of Africa. The Allies were successful. â€Å"On May 12, 1943, the last organized Axis army force in Africa surrendered.The Allies had killed, wounded, or captured about 350,000 Axis soldiers, and had suffered about 70,000 casualties. After the victory in the North African Campaign, the stage was set for the Italian Campaign to be gin† (United States History, 2012). Italian Campaign Figure 2. The Pacific and Adjacent Theaters, 1942-1945 At the Casablanca Conference held in Casablanca, Morocco in January 1943; the decision was made to invade Italy. The Allies had their first war conference to discuss the invasion. This launched the Italian Campaign which placed Allied soldiers on the mainland in Europe.The Italian Campaign consisted of five objectives: to â€Å"capitalize on the collapse of Italian resistance, make immediate use of ready Allied strength, engage German forces that might otherwise be used in Russia and northern France, secure airfields from which to intensify the bombing of Germany and the Balkans, and gain complete control of the Mediterranean† (United States History, 2012). D-Day; Normandy landings was the Operation Husky. During this operation, Allies landed on the beaches while leading the Germans to thinking that they would attack Sardinia and Corsica.Due to the bombing in Rome , the head of the government king Mussolini was forced to resign from his position. At that time, the Italians wanted to withdraw from the war with Japan and Russia. Operation Husky wanted to completely eliminate Italy from the war. By the end of the Italian Campaign, the war against Germany reallocated to France. â€Å"In the spring of 1945 Allied forces penetrated the final German defensive line to enter the fertile plains of the Po River Valley. On May 2, the Germans in Italy surrendered† (United States History, 2012).Japanese American, Infantry men of the 442nd Regiment, runs for cover as a German artillery shell is about to land outside the building. Levine, Italy. April 4, 1945. Normandy Campaign The objectives of the Allies were during the invasion of Normandy was eliminate all of the Germans capabilities of trying to organize a counterattack during the Allies amphibious assault. The Allies used their airborne capabilities to seize significant objectives like bridges, road crossings and terrain area’s mainly on the eastern and western flanks.The Allies also used their airborne infantry to land behind enemy forces on the beaches of Normandy to help egress the amphibious forces and also neutralize and destroy the Germans coastal defenses batteries. Sword beach was invaded by the British infantry, we the infantry made it ashore they were met with light resistance and the suffered minimal casualties. They had advanced five miles inland by the end of the first day of battle, but they did not meet their major objectives such as Caen which was still in possession of the Germans.Juno beach was invaded by the Canadian army; they were met with heavy German resistance upon landing ashore in Normandy. There were by heavy machine gun fire, pill boxes, and other major concrete fortifications that the German army had set up. Juno beach was the second heaviest outpost guarded by the Germans. The Canadian Army was the only unit to reach all of their object ives on D-Day. Gold beach was invaded by the 50th (Northumbrian) infantry division; they were also met with stiff German resistance due to the Germans fortifying a village along the beach front.However, the 50th infantry divisions were able to overcome Germans and were able to proceed to outskirts of Bayeux by the end of the first day. The 50th infantry division then linked with Allied commando units who were securing the Port-en-Bessin. This gave the Allies a base that they could deploy the PLUTO pipeline. Omaha beach was invaded by the American allies; they met fierce resistance from the German 352nd Infantry Division who were Germany’s best trained force for defending the beaches and coastal areas. Omaha beach was so well fortified by the Germans that the Americans missed most of their landing objectives.However, after battling the Germans for three days the American allies were able to penetrate the Germans fortifications and move forward. Utah beach was invaded by the 4t h infantry division; they were met with very little German resistance and were able to move further inland by the late afternoon where they linked up the 101st airborne division. After the beaches were secured allied forces were able to set up the Mulberry Harbors, which allowed supplies and reinforcements to come ashore to support allied forces.Victory in Normandy was followed by a pursuit to the French border in short order, and Germany was forced once again to reinforce the Western Front with manpower and resources from the Soviet and Italian fronts. By September, Allied forces of seven field armies (two of which came through southern France in Operation Dragoon) were approaching the German frontier. Allied material weight told heavily in Normandy, as did intelligence and deception plans. The general Allied concept of the battle was sound, drawing on the strengths of both Britain and the United States.German dispositions and leadership were often faulty, despite a creditable show ing on the ground by many German units. In larger context the Normandy landings helped the Soviets on the Eastern front, who were facing the bulk of the German forces and, to a certain extent, contributed to the shortening of the conflict there. War in Europe The Battle of Atlantic was a battle that began with Great Britain declaring war on the Germans in September of 1939. The battle of the Atlantic brought about significant changes and creative inventions to the allies military.This was a major reason that allied forces were able to defeat the Germans in the Battle of Atlantic. The Battle of the Atlantic cost thousands of soldiers their lives and thousands of Navy ships were destroyed as well. During World War II allied forces conducted strategic bombing missions against the German’s. Allied forces would bomb railways, harbors, industrial places, and cities. As World War II begins to intensify, allied forces began to conduct numerous bombing missions. Allied forces bombed c ity believes that it was physiological warfare and they believe it would break the enemy’s will to continue fighting. The Majdanek concentration camp was located in Eastern Poland and was the first concentration camp that was liberate by the soviets in July of 1944. Before the Soviets were able to liberate the Majdanek concentration camp the German Nazi’s had killed between 90,000 and 140,000 prisoners. Majdanek concentration camp was initially a Prisoner of War camp that housed Russian Prisoners of War, but the camp soon turned towards a concentration camp for the Jews. It is estimated that 60,000 Jews were killed during the camps operation.In July of 1944 the soviets advanced on the Majdanek concentration so fast that the German Nazi’s were not able to conceal the evidence of the torture and killings they had committed. Liberation of Paris America was in war on two fronts, the war against Japan, and the war against Germany. The beginning of the conflict starte d with Paris started with Britain and Germany over a blockade that was preventing America to trade with either country. America had signed a treaty to stay out of the conflicts with foreign countries.America was drawn into the conflict when Germany decided to launch a full scale war with against Britain and France (Schultz, â€Å"World War II,† 2012). Paris had been invaded by the Germans, causing stress, killings, and havoc to the residents until D-Day, a code name for Destination Day, when America and France liberated Paris and broke the Strong hold of Germany and freed Paris (â€Å"Weider History Group†, 2006). Operation Market Garden was a strategic military maneuver plan in September 1944 to be carried out by planning to attack the Germans from the north, south, across the Rhine River, and west of Normandy along with an air attack.This plan failed due to conflict in order on when to strike and bad weather (Macdonald, n. d). The Germans strategy was if they could t ake control of smaller section of a country like Belgium, they would eventually take control of the country entirely. The Battle of the Bulge was one of the largest battles to take place on the west front. They lost the battle because they were spread too thin and was unsuccessful in knocking out the power in Bastogne, Belgium (Schultz, â€Å"World War II,† 2012). During the time of war the three allied forces, Stalin,Churchill, and Roosevelt was under great concern of the condition Poland would be in as they draw near their victory of the World War in January 1945. The Soviet Union, United States, who sided with Great Britain, was at odds with each other over Poland of which Soviet Union occupied. The Soviet Union wants to serve as a buffer for Poland whiles the United States and Britain wand Poland to be more independent. The Soviet Union proposal was more favorable and resulted in the Yalta Agreement. Churchill was in disagreement with the decision and the Soviet and Brita in ended up in a Cold War (Schultz, â€Å"World War II,† 2012).While at the conference meeting in Yalta, Churchill and his ally, Roosevelt was planning an attack on Dresden, a city outside of Berlin. This city was a city of refuge that had no military stations of weapons. It only was a place that had hospitals and house to care for the wounded from the military. The people fled to the city seeking refuge from the Red terror of the war. Many of them were Jews, men women and children. The total death from the bombing is really unknown but is to be said to be over 600,000 (â€Å"The WWII Dresden Holocaust – A single Column of Flame†, n. . ). During the time of all the events that took place in Germany and World War II, it finally broke the back and the strong hold that Hitler had over Germany. At the end of the Holocaust of Dresden and the slaughter of Jews from the concentration camps of which 30,000 were killed, giving an estimated death toll of 600,000 men, wome n, and children. Hitler was known to have committed suicide in April 30, 1945, given victory over Germany, known as of today called V- E Day, â€Å"Victory in Europe Day (Schultz, â€Å"World War II,† 2012). War in the PacificThe United States was holding a war on two fronts, the war in Germany with Britain and France against Germany, and the war against Japan. The Great Depression was perhaps the cause of both wars. With the Stock market crashing and the fall of the economy, America and some of the countries it served and served it was becoming financially ruin and was fighting to stay in power. Each country feeling its own power was trying to make sure that they were not going to be taken advantage of (Schultz, â€Å"World War II,† 2012). America had a strong presence in the Pacific andJapan did not want them there. They were fighting over who would control Hawaii. Japan also wants to take control of all Asia and China. During the time of World War II, Hong Kong was a part of Britain territory. MacArthur and Nimitz are two officers that have great similarities in helping turn the war to the benefit of America. Douglas MacArthur was a General in the U. S Army and Admirable Chester Nimitz was an officer in the United States Navy who had different styles of leadership that worked together to regain control of land and water in the Pacific War. Gen.MacArthur took control of the Philippines and Adm. Nimitz gain control of the Pacific. Churchill and Roosevelt were winning the war. Along with the best two commanders, they began to use a strategy to keep Japan from getting a foothold by sending troops to take over small islands and maintaining control and at the same time pushing the Japanese back while earning the name Island Hoppers (Schultz, â€Å"World War II,† 2012).References Center of Military History. (1992). A Brief History of the U. S. Army. Retrieved from http://www. ibiblio. org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-WWII/index. tml Schultz, K. M. (201 2). HIST2, Volume 2 (2nd Ed. ). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. The WWII Dresden Holocaust – A Single Column of Flame. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://rense. com/general19/flame. htm Weider History Group. (2006). Retrieved from http://www. historynet. com/world-war-ii-the-liberation-of-paris. htm United States History. (2012). Italian Campaign. Retrieved from http://www. u-s-history. com/pages/h1742. html United States History. (2012). North African Campaign. Retrieved from http://www. u-s-history. com/pages/h1727. html

Analysis Of Amazon, The Seattle Based Multinational E...

Amazon, the Seattle-based multinational e-commerce company is the largest retailing online company, with over ten of millions active users around the world. Company Vision is to become† Earth biggest selection and to be Earth’s most customer centric company over 500 million items for sale according to Amazon.com†. This paper analyzes the information technology strategy and information systems adopted by amazon. (Jeff, 2007) Introduction Amazon founded by Jeff Bezos and has been gone online in 1995 by selling book, but not to after the company soon widened in selling by music industry products, electronics and technology industry products, appliance automotive, products, jewelry, watches , health care items, beauty products, Clothing, furniture, food toys and so on. The company has expanded its e-commerce platform by establishing website in United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, japan and many other countries worldwide. . 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The Reality Of The Television - 859 Words

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The Engineering Of Civil Engineering - 1486 Words

Civil Engineering covers 19 areas of specialization ranging from geophysics engineering to transportation to construction. Civil engineers abide by many company and government policies in order to shape the modern physical and natural world. They work alongside virtually all types of engineers to design, construct and maintain a large variety of structures such as bridges and dams. This category of engineering dates back 5,000 years to the construction of the Pyramids of Giza. Many of human’s greatest feats, such as the Great Wall of China and the Panama Canal, were made possible because of civil engineering. Even though the civil engineering discipline is very broad, the best engineers have a background of math and science and computer experience. It is vital that in high school, and college, prospective civil engineers take challenging courses to develop an understanding of physics, complex math concepts, and communication skills. Developing technology in a civil engineerâ⠂¬â„¢s workplace make it necessary for computer programming skills. If you do become an engineer, the salary can range from around $50,000 to around $90,000, with the average salary earned rising every year. The bachelor’s degree of civil engineering is usually paired with the bachelor’s degree of environmental engineering because both programs have similar courses. The civil engineering degree is offered at many colleges and universities around the globe. Field Description Civil engineering is the 2ndShow MoreRelatedCivil Engineering And American Engineering1346 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Engineering Not a lot of people know about civil engineering, civil engineering is the building of bridges, roadways, and buildings; but civil engineering is so much more than that. 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International Marketing Case of Made Group Australia

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketingfor Case of Made Group Australia. Answer: Introduction International marketing is always tough for organisations. When a company contemplates to launch its products and services in another county it has to combat different external factors which are important to be implemented successfully in the favor of the organisation. It is important to mention that most of the companies when engaging in international marketing have to take into account number of aspects which would help them to understand the internal and external environment of the chosen international market and make the movements accordingly to strategise international marketing plan. Taking into account various conditions and assessing them to good effect is likely to ensure better result from the international marketing. Creating an effective international marketing plan will involve gathering of information about the country where the company is planning to launch its products. The present study will entail the discussion of external analysis of the company Made Group. The co mpany has planned to launch milk products in the Philippines that have good market especially in the diary industry. The main objective of international marketing plan is to focus on the key areas where the products will be sold and strategise the marketing plan in order to get the best result out of the international marketing plan (Terpstra et al., 2012). The present study will include external analysis of the company Made Group, discussing the market choice for the company and finally startegising the market entry of Made Group in the Philippines Market. Overview of the Company and Internalization of Products Made Group is one of the leading companies located in the Australian eastern seaboard of Melbourne. The company is one of the leading beverage production companies in the country and now plans to sell milk products overseas focusing on the Asian market. Within 10 years Made Group has become a leading beverage brand in the country. Made Group Australia was launched by three school friends Luke Marget, Matt Dennis and Brad Wilson has been working consistently well with the company. It is important to mention that the company since its inception has worked on its objectives and mission statement. The company has a very precise mission statement that helps it to focus on the long term and short objectives of providing people with good and environment friendly products. The mission statement of the company is to produce innovative products which are good for the consumers as well as favorable for the planet and it is doing exactly that by developing products like Rokeby Farms, Cocobella a nd other products which are made in an organic way and is nutritious for human health as well as they are not harmful for the planet. As the mission statement suggests the company does significant amount of work for the environment through its product manufacturing process as well as its waste management procedure. The mission statement of the company is to develop innovative products and the company think tank is constantly engaged in developing effective milk products and other beverages which have the capacity to compete in the market and gain competitive advantage (Cavusgil et al., 2014). The company has had back to back 50% increase in its sales for the past three years and generates around 120 million AUD every year. Made Group has some of the best branded beverages in the country like Cocobella, Rokeby Farms and impressed juices. With the gradual increase in sales the company has been able to focus on developing market share for the business and has taken one step ahead especially by sealing a deal to distribute milk products across the Philippines. Made Group is the first company to supply PET Bottled milk to Asia through sea (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). The internalisation of the milk products for the company in Philippines is seen as a crucial step ahead for the company and hence it is important that Made Group is able to assess its external market and ideate plans to develop its international marketing plan that would help to operate smoothly in the international market. The Dairy industry in Philippines is exposed to the international companies. As per the rec ord the Dairy industry of Philippines is 95% import and 5% export. The huge percentage of the milk imports in Philippines was highlighted in the dairy industry performance report which showed that in financial year 2013 the country imported around 99% of the total milk which was around 1,965.15 thousand metric tons. In this scenario the company has taken the right decision to export milk to Philippines as there is a huge demand of milk and milk products in the country (Paliwoda Thomas, 2013). External Environment of Made Group The external environment of the company Made Group when launching its products in a foreign country becomes much more diverse as especially when compared to its internal conditions. The key aspects of the external environment of the company could be analysed in different ways. A proper PESTEL Analysis and understanding market trend and competitors will give a fair bit of idea about the external environment of the business. PESTEL Analysis Political: Made Group has emerged to be one of the leading beverage brands in Australia. It is important to mention that the company has got the support of the central and the local government to operate its business. The company abides by the tax law of Australia and also follows the policies (Gilligan Hird, 2012). Given a friendly relation between the company and the government it will get a favorable place to operate smoothly even in the Philippines. It is likely to build up a good rapport with the official body like the National Dairy Authority and the Agricultural body in the country Philippines. The Dairy industry of Philippines largely depends on the import of milk and milk products in the county to suffice the milk and milk products requirements in the country and hence tries to be provide all the available resources to the companies operating in this sector and hence Made Group is likely to have a good time operating in the country (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Economic: Made Group has gradually come up the graph to develop a strong platform for itself in the Australian beverage market and has experienced significant increase in its sales growth. It contemplates the same rise in the Philippines market (Chaffey et al., 2009). But it could be said that the company might have revamp its financial planning in order to get the same response as in Australia. The Philippines Government has introduced a very holistic plan for the country which has made the country work on opening up avenues for the foreign companies that would likely to provide open network of business for Made Group. The company expects its revenue to rise by another 50% in the coming year but it is important to mention that there is a significant amount of competition in the country especially in the dairy import trade and hence the organisation Made Group should focus on developing a strong financial plan to work on their movement in the country (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Social: Made Group in the last ten years have been a good employer in Australia. The company has provided employment to number of talents. The demographics of Australia are quite similar to Philippines and hence it would be easier for the company to come closer to the consumers in the Philippines Market (Cadogan et al., 2009). Technological: Made works with the latest technology. It has a well developed website and the operation is also cloud based that helps the company to develop effective communication with its consumers. The country Philippines have invested a large amount of money in developing and researching on technology. One of the major industries in the country and hence it will have effective technological support while supplying milk in the country (Ghauri Cateora, 2010). Environmental: One of the key aspects of the operation of this company is it is focused on working ethically safeguarding the environment. The company follows green packaging. It tries to use less plastic and paper and also contributes to the welfare of the environment which gives it competitive advantage in the market (Verbeke, 2013). Legal: Legally Made Group has been very particular in taking care of the product regulations. In Australia it is important to abide by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission act which mainly helps the government to look at both the sides of the coin (Ruzo et al., 2011). The above PESTEL Analysis shows the position of the company in the local market when it is gradually moving towards launching its products in the foreign market. Overall it could be said that PESTEL analysis is able to show the external environment of the organisation and helps to plan its international marketing strategies (Gehlhar et al., 2009). As a foreign company trying to break into the foreign market of Philippines it is essential for the company to understand its market or consumers, the economic trend in the Philippines market, competitors as well as the demographics of the country that largely affect the sales and revenue of the company Made Group. Market: The dairy market of Philippines is highly competitive as shown in the statistics of the National Dairy Authority. The country has around 95% of Milk product import which states that the maximum need of milk and milk products is sufficed through the import. The local consumption of milk and milk products in the Philippines market have increased rapidly in the last few years which clearly indicates the reason of immense competition in the dairy market of Philippines. In the last financial year of 2015 the total amount of milk product import has raised up to 192.8 million USD. The import of milk and milk products has shown rising trend. The milk import table till 2015 march is given below: VOLUME OF MILK MILK PRODUCTS IMPORTS (in million kilograms) Dairy Products 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (Jan-Mar) Skimmilk powder 107.16 109.43 103.88 110.64 93.05 22.85 Wholemilk powder 31.64 27.82 31.43 25.64 19.20 5.71 Evaporated Milk 0.48 0.31 0.86 0.14 0.22 0.07 Buttermilk/ Buttermilk Powder 19.47 20.27 24.82 22.22 18.60 5.19 Whey Powder 41.51 39.16 42.01 43.75 49.21 14.13 Liquid (RTD) Milk 49.75 47.08 36.06 48.58 44.20 9.91 Cream 4.55 8.25 9.46 2.91 3.38 0.62 Condensed Milk 5.51 3.58 3.01 4.41 7.99 0.53 Others 23.20 8.40 18.04 21.62 22.80 6.09 MILK AND CREAM 284.27 264.30 269.57 279.91 258.65 65.10 Butter/Butterfat 21.20 20.26 17.73 15.82 16.50 5.60 Cheese 11.10 14.96 17.46 12.54 13.73 4.46 Curd 2.70 1.16 0.69 0.79 1.77 0.67 MILK IMPORTS 319.70 300.68 305.45 309.06 290.65 75.83 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority/National Dairy Authority Economic trend in the dairy industry of the Philippines have risen significantly and import have contributed largely to the overall need of the consumers looking for milk in the country. Philippines as a nation have been able to mitigate the risk of global recession and hence it could be said that the country is likely to see a possible upward movement in its economy ((Cavusgil et al., 2014). Made Group will face significant competition in the Philippines Dairy market in form importers like Nestle Corporation, Alaska Milk Corporation, and Monde Nissin, Commodity Quest Inc. These companies cover up significant section of the market and hence the competition will become tougher when Made group come into the picture. One of the major competitors in the market is Nestle which serves almost all kinds of milk products and Pet bottled Milks and has almost around 35% of the market share in the Philippines market (De Wit Meyers, 2010). Milk is loved by all and it is a universal product which is nutrition and effective for all ages and hence demographics in this case are favorable for the company. But Made Group with its skimmed milk, impressed juices, Pet Bottled Milk is effective for young and old people. It is important to mention that most of the consumers in the country drink milk and hence the targeted demographics for the company are quite wide. SWOT Analysis of Made Group Strengths Renowned Beverage Company in Australia. Substantial market share in the country. Diversified products and services in dairy industry. Powerful brand in the country. Weaknesses Poor international presence. Fewer brands of products. High cost of developing new brands Opportunities Open Philippines dairy market Growth in the retail sector. Increased interest of dairy products. Development in technology. Threats Huge Competition in the form of Nestle, Quest Inc. Constant pressure in the domestic market. Huge options for the consumers. Large investment in internationalisation of products (Sheth, 2011). Market Choice Philippines have been one of the richest dairy industries with 95% import and 5% export. It is important for the company to understand the market as well as the demand. As reflected from the statistics there is a huge demand for Milk and milk products and hence it could be said that the company Made Group has focused on addressing the key markets of the country. The company has mainly focused on promoting its Pet Bottled skimmed Milk which is its best product. The company will promote its premium branded products like Cocobella and Impressed Juices and Rokeby Farms in all the major market in the country. This will help the company to get into the groove of competition in the Philippines market with the likes of Nestle Corporation. Since the supply will be done overseas it is important for the company to get its best step forward (Morgan et al., 2012). International Marketing Strategy The international Marketing strategy of the company will focus on direct export in the form of market penetration. The company will focus on market penetration since maximum of the Philippines market consumes milk and it would be easier for the company to distribute its product. The company should initially focus on direct export and then once consumers are aware of the quality and brand of the product the company could also shift to franchising (Armstrong et al., 20120. Direct export market penetration will help the company to reach to the core consumers and understand their needs and wants which would help the company to address them effectively. Milk products is a widely loved products and seeing the trend in the Philippines dairy market the market penetration would be highly effective for the company due to the high level of competition it will have to combat. The Philippines dairy market is comparatively competitive with number of retailers and wholesalers operating in the marke t and some of them are Mead Johnson Nutrition, Commodity Quest Inc., Wyeth Philippines, Consolidated Dairy Frozen Food Corp., Monde Nissin, Alaska milk corp., Nestle Corporation. Given this high level of competition it is extremely important that the company focuses on developing a strong penetration strategy that would help to operate in the Philippines market effectively (Vrontis et al., 2009). Conclusion From the above discussion it is pretty clear that the Philippines market is highly open to competition in the dairy market. It is important for Made Group to focus on assessing its external environment assess its key strength and develop appropriate strategy to operate in the Philippines market. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2012.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Cadogan, J.W., Kuivalainen, O. and Sundqvist, S., 2009. Export market-oriented behavior and export performance: quadratic and moderating effects under differing degrees of market dynamism and internationalization.Journal of International Marketing,17(4), pp.71-89. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Wit, B. and Meyer, R., 2010.Strategy: process, content, context; an international perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. Gehlhar, M.J., Regmi, A., Stefanou, S.E. and Zoumas, B.L., 2009. Brand leadership and product innovation as firm strategies in global food markets.Journal of Product Brand Management,18(2), pp.115-126. Ghauri, P.N. and Cateora, P.R., 2010.International marketing(pp. 15-16). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Gilligan, C. and Hird, M., 2012.International marketing: strategy and management(Vol. 17). Routledge. Hultman, M., Robson, M.J. and Katsikeas, C.S., 2009. Export product strategy fit and performance: An empirical investigation.Journal of International Marketing,17(4), pp.1-23. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Mayer, R. and Johnston, K., 2009.Internet marketing: strategy, implementation and practice. Pearson Education. Morgan, N.A., Katsikeas, C.S. and Vorhies, D.W., 2012. Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), pp.271-289. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013.International marketing. Routledge. Ruzo, E., Losada, F., Navarro, A. and Dez, J.A., 2011. Resources and international marketing strategy in export firms: implications for export performance.Management Research Review,34(5), pp.496-518. Sheth, J.N., 2011. Impact of emerging markets on marketing: Rethinking existing perspectives and practices.Journal of Marketing,75(4), pp.166-182. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Turnbull, P.W. and Valla, J.P. eds., 2013.Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A. and Lamprianou, I., 2009. International marketing adaptation versus standardisation of multinational companies.International Marketing Review,26(4/5), pp.477-500.

Professional Responsibilities and Knowledge in Nursing

Question: What is Critical Reflection, Critical Analysisdurinig nursing practices?Describe Them and After then write down what is conclusion u have founded duringnursing practices? Answer: Introduction Understanding of professional responsibilities and knowledge of the pre-requisite competencies are two main principal requirement of nursing practice. Most of these learning with respect to the competencies can be acquired with the help of nursing education, which form the foundation of professional basis. Furthermore with time and with the learning opportunities by virtue of involvement in routine nursing practice, more competencies can be acquired into the personal perception of any nurse. In other words, the competencies being acquired in the course of professional time, is referred to as experience. It is hence, with this preliminary definition, it can be understood that the scope of the present report is thus based on the description and illustration of the learning, requirement for the conduct and execution of effective nursing practice. This information will ultimately reflex the optimistic vision of professional in terms of clinical decision, decision support and use of wisdo m in the routine practice. In particular, this assignment will reflect on the practical learning need to develop and enhance my professional development as a nursing student. The assignment shall be written in the first person and confidentiality shall be maintained in accordance of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010). In order to generate knowledge one has to reflect the theoretical learning and find out practical knowledge that lies buried with their own practice (Rolfe, 2001). I have decided to use Rolfe (2001) model which is based on the What, So What and Now What concepts in order to reflect upon time when I gave the nursing handover. The PREP guideline (NMC, 2011) is going to be referred in the whole assignment of my learning need. The learning practical need I have to choose to reflect on, is to communicate effectively during handover. Communication with respect to the documentation part (handover) is important as it conveys the medium of knowledge translation, shar ing of information, keeping the record of information and helps in professional conducting of routine practice. It is hence the present report can be referred to as a self-reflection part, where the learning input, sources, factors impacting, probable outcomes, improvement areas and region for implementing changes are mentioned and described with evidences and reference. Furthermore, it is also noteworthy to mention that the crucial information, which I have added in the present report, has been based on my self-analysis as well as based on the ideology and views of experts in the field with the help of various literatures. The information contained within various literatures are thereby correlated and cross-referred with each other, in order to exclude any false positive information (Street, 2011, pp.133; Sexton, 2004). Furthermore, it was believed that the importance of this report lies in context to the future prospect part, where efforts can be input for the improvement in nursi ng practice. Critical reflection During my placement I was allocated to look after a two patients under supervision from my mentor. During my initial days, I had been caring for these patients and because of low content of knowledge with respect to the documentation; I found difficulty in preparing and providing the handover to the next shift. According OConnell, MacDonald Kelly (2008, pp.2) allowing students nurses to take accountability for getting better the quality of their handovers will develop continuity of care, patient safety and outcomes. I believed that my mentor would give handover as she had been doing it all the time. Although I have been listening to staff giving handover several times, but at that particular time, especially on my first day of professional accountability, I was not prepared to incorporate the requisite information to be added for the completion of the handover report. It is hence the information I was giving to the incoming staff was not adequate and appropriate. When handing over I was mumbling at times and it was unclear to other staff, where the patient background information, suggestions from other professionals, my reflection for the care and intervention requirement of the patient, critical information regarding medication, diet, patient posture and other important details have not b een included. My mentor noticed that I was struggling and she took over the job of preparing the handover and make it complete. While my mentor was preparing the handover, I noticed these parameters to be crucial and necessary for delivering the information to next nursing professional. According to Cohen Hilligoss (2009) unsuccessful handover increases the possibility of errors in medication, draws back the course of treatment, and decreases patient satisfaction and stays longer in hospital. Furthermore, the organizational objective of improved health care practices, increased patient satisfaction, and positive patient outcome was also found to be hampered with the inclusion of error in the documentation part (kerr, 2011, pp.342). After the handover, I reflected on my practice, as I felt embarrassed and ashamed because I was not confident enough and lack the requisite knowledge for the preparation of handover with respect to my nursing practice. I thus realised that the theoretical knowledge with respect to the crucial information of patient, details of the care and measures needed for the health restoration of the patient, use of appropriate terminology and vocabulary, following the procedure and methods in accordance to the organizational policies, local and national guideline framework, are crucial (Chaboyer, 2010, pp.27). My mentor took me aside and reassured me saying that it happens to everyone but with practice I will construct my confidence gradually. According to Collins (2004, pp.12) a session of patient handovers in a secure atmosphere can help student nurses to build up the skills and self-confidence required to take into practice successfully. This opportunity has given me an insight to plan my pe rsonal improvement needs in relation to handover and think about how to apply the learning into practice. According to Kitson, Muntlin, Elliott, Cant (2014, pp.1228) a more robust approach is required to know the complex process of getting better nursing communication behaviours, mostly around the nursing handover. These approaches use the usage of appropriate terminologies and vocabulary that should be standard and common in nursing practice usage. The advantage of this term lies in context to the that the standard terminologies provides advantage when it comes for sharing of the information from one hand to another hand. Thus the scope of miscommunication, confusion and problem with respect to understanding of critical terms is thus minimized, which reduces the possibility of error in the nursing care and intervention (Anderson, 2014). The first part I realised is to be familiar with the format of the handover. I noted that there are various formats that are needed to take care, while working in other department, and the relevance of each format is crucial. Next as mentioned in the earlier context, that the use of standard vocabularies and terminologies while preparing the handover is crucial. Knowledge of both of these can be learned and acquired in the course of nursing learning. Other important and crucial requirements understand the type of information that are necessary to be incorporated in the handover. The specifications with respect to the treatment and care plan of the patient, use of medication and combination of drugs for the treatment should be mention with respect to route of administration, quantity of dosing, frequency and timing of medication management (Staggers Blaz, 2013, pp.247). Likewise, the diet related information, patient posture while moving, any special requirement of the patient and re levant details are also needed to be incorporated in the handover, which will help in understanding to the nurse of next shift. All these information ensures that the care and treatment course of patient is not being hampered with respect to job and nursing responsibilities in the institution. I also realised that the assessment of patient taken during the session of responsibility, the critical reflection obtained with the help of assessment, special referral or discussion related information that are confirmed from other multi-disciplinary professionals are also necessary to be incorporated in the handover. My mentor, suggested me that these information are crucial not only for the part of informational exchange from one professional to another, but is also crucial for the documentation and record keeping purpose. These documents are thus helpful for the future course of analysis, clinical judgement and necessary implementation measures to be taken for the wellbeing of the patient . With the narrated scenario, I realised that the documentation and communication approach in preparation of the handover is thus crucial part of professional responsibility and routine practice. It is thus, owing to this experience, I attempted to go for further reading and discussion with my mentor as well as other senior nurses, which facilitates in improvement as well as increment in the knowledge regarding the documentation and handover preparation. Critical Analysis With reference to the above discussed content, it can be clearly understood that the concern of this self-reflection report is based on the illustration of effective communication skills in conjunction to documentation and handover preparation. The crucial reflection shed light on a real part scenario, which pave importance on the learning and adoption of requisite nursing competencies. Moving on to the next, the present section deals with the critical analytical part of the same concern, which I learned by virtue of literature survey and in the due course of professional practice afterwards. Certainly, the learning and understanding of the contents in this regards, helps in achieving the professional requirements, which are analysed (Holly Poletick, 2013). According to Kerr (2014) communication forms an integral part in the health care services, as it is the key player in deciding the fate of health and social care outcome. In simple terms the approach of exchange the view, ideology, concern, expression and emotional attributes are crucial along with the treatment regime and medications. It is equally important to understand the requirement of patient, the concern of the health care professionals and sustaining the morale of the patient, which ensures the effectiveness and efficacy of the completely health care service exchange system (Ganz, 2015, pp.49). The advantage of effective communication skills lies in the context of framing partnership models, establishing trustworthy relationship; reduce the complication of information dissemination and accurate exchange of information among both the health care providers and health care consumers. The relevant communication theories applicable to the present scenario are (Klim, 2013, pp.2233 ; OConnell, 2014, pp.560; Li, 2012, pp.941): (1) Activation theory of information exposure(2) Health belief model(3) Theory of reasoned action(4)Fear appeals theory It is important to state that these nursing theories and nursing practice models are not only effective with respect to the understanding of documentation part, but are also relevant with respect to the communication strategies (verbal and non-verbal) other than documentation. With the advancement, the improvement and implementation has been performed with maximum effort to ensure effective communication flow at the health care settings. These efforts include, usage of IT resources, communication devices cum monitoring equipment and occupational training to staff and health care professionals (McMurray, 2011, pp.19). It is hence along with the regular health care related competencies, the professionals are also required to make use of the resources and tools for increasing the effectiveness of the process. The common methods of communication are usage of internet resources, videos, DVDs and audio recording. These methods will not only facilitate the exchange of information from both the ends, but will also help in ensuring that the message is being received and understood by both the parties (Hunt, 2012, pp.310). Regarding the confidentiality and security of patient information, data protection Act of 1998 is suitable where the information cannot be used without the consent of the patient. It is important to make clear that the documentation and information practices within the health care settings are a part of communication where information storage, retrieval and exchange are main issues. Personally I revealed that the use of standardized vocabularies and terminologies in the documentation is also necessary to ensure error free information exchange between multi-disciplinary professionals. Likewise, appropriate training and resources should be provided to the health care professionals to deal with cultural and ethnical diverse health care consumers. Special training and assistance should be provided to the patients having poor English proficiency and hearing impairment. Avoiding the excessive usage of medical jargons, especially in the context of general health care consumers is also one o f the good practices (Staggers, 2011, pp.209; Gage, 2012, pp.43). Other important legislation constitutes, National Health Service Act of 2006 and Health and Social Care Act 2012. These guidelines described related to the training and assistance to the health care professionals, functions and responsibilities of the professionals, regulatory bodies to collect intervention record, assessment records, monitoring the procedure and protocols, interaction and communication approach by the health care professionals with the consumer, and similar issues. The ethical and legislation criteria of local, national and international code of conducts should be take care while attempting to impose a positive communication impact. These attributes, include the following points, which I learned are (Eberhardt, 2014, pp17; Lu, 2013): (1) Restriction of inappropriate language(2)Restriction and training to avoid usage of incongruent language(3) Clear and precise communication to avoid any misinterpretation(4) Breach of confidentiality(5) Breach of trust within the scope of health care practice(6) Ethical conduct to avoid any threat and abuse(7) Respect to the power of the individual, autonomy and choice of patient with respect to the health restoration method. Health care settings should facilitate necessary resources and requirements to ensure that health care professionals face minimal challenges while interacting with the consumers having poor or no English literacy cum proficiency. Use of internet resources, information system, evidence based practice, inclusion of third party, translator, family members in communication is worthy in this regard. Effective strategies of communication are necessary not only to deal with single target audience, but are also necessary for conveying the message and receiving the response from mass community and from other health care professionals. Apart from the handover in conjunction to the discussed concern, there are other means, which I realised are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of the communication process. Conference, flyers, newspapers, publication and use of media resources are always found to be worthy when it comes to address huge mass (Bradley Mott, 2013). Public policy pave crucial role in this regard by defining and mentioning effective guidelines to deal with the communication strategies for communication. (Scott, 2012, pp.14) Particularly in NHS, RIO is one of the approaches where the information and related content of patient are used to be stored in form of electronic records and database. This helps in making a common point or repository for the community health related information (Gage, 2013). The effectiveness in the communication skills among the health care professionals can be improved with some of the suggestions as mentioned in the preceding section. The particular mode of improvisation in the communication process is mediated thorough appropriate training for health care professionals (Clarey, 2014, pp.419). Effective and efficient communication skills is one of the most essential competency for health care professionals which ensures that the meaning and convention of any ideology, concern and review is translational among various personals associated with the health care practices. Understanding cultural diversity, respecting the values of individual, offer equality in terms of treatment and health care requirement are the noteworthy elements in this regard (Ferguson Cioffi, 2011, pp.5). The effectiveness in communication means should be made included within the requirements of health care practice by the policy priority means. It is hence sufficient ethical and legislative measures should be present as active part in the guidelines and regulatory measures of day-to-day practices. Particularly in the field of health care, it is the duty of educators, leaders and managers to ensure that effective means of communication is processed and channelized in the routine health care practice (Pope, 2012, pp.24). On the contrary, the most effective strategy for improvement in the communication methodology is the understanding of the professional responsibility by the health care professionals itself. It is hence the motivation of professional satisfaction and professionals characteristics can work for being a patient listener and effective advocator irrespective of any issue within the content of health care services (Allan, 2011, pp.847). With the help of learning and understanding from literature review, I learned that an appropriate and accurate handover should include following points (Voyer, 2013; Johnson, 2012, pp.462): (1) Patient background information(2) Patient assessment related information(3) Details and suggestions of any other health care professional(4) Information with respect to the dietary concern, adverse food drug information, dietary precaution, administration of medication in conjunction to dietary habits.(5) Medication management and the legal and ethical concerns involved in the medication management.(6) Clinical decision, involved in the course of intervention and treatment regime involved.(7) Decision support and discussion minutes if carried out with other nurses and other health care professionals.(8) Detail of the description with respect to the use of wisdom in the decision making process.(9) Electronic prescribing, storage, retrieval and exchange of information, if needed.(10) Connection with a common server, hence the information can be accessed from any point, anywhere within and outside the health care settings, as per the requirement in the nursing practice.(11) Support and development for the ongoing operational processes, in conjunction to the on-going nursing intervention or treatment regime.(12) Risk identification and assessment as per the situation. It should be noted that the present concern is also important to be communicated verbally, depending upon the requirement and need of the hour.(13) Details of any instrumental necessities with respect to the assigned responsibility. These information can also be linked with the instrument specifications, readings, defects, need for the up-gradation and other related requirements. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the present report illustrated the critical reflection and critical analysis the nursing competencies with respect to communication strategy for documentation and communication by handover. The error in nursing practices is majorly linked with the documentation and handover part, and hence the said paradigm should be understood with depth knowledge and attention. All the learning, which I conferred with the help of theoretical and professional experience, is thus summarized in the report. 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Paradise Essays (1699 words) - Paradise, Mavis,

Paradise The Nobel Prize for Literature winner, Toni Morrison, is hailed as the last classic American writer , a major figure of national literature , and simply the best writer in America. Morrison is at her complex and commanding best in this mysterious tale, as she presents a unique perspective on American history and leaves her dazzled readers shaking their heads over all that is perpetually inexplicable between men and women, rich and poor the tyrannical and free spirited. The statements above are merely personal opinions and have yet to be proven true. After reading Toni Morrisons Paradise, I came to the conclusion that these remarks are over exaggerated. This is based on my opinion that Paradise is not the writings of a Nobel Prize award winner and should not be considered one of her best works. After all of the vivid descriptions of her work, I can say that I was fairly disappointed. Paradise was the first and the last of Toni Morrisons novels that I will read. After doing research i nto others analysis of the novel, I realized that I was not alone in my judgment of Paradise. I find myself troubled by this novel and how difficult it is to follow. I dont mind reading slowly, in fact, I have no objection to taking my time with anything; however, this is simply trying my patience. I wanted to keep going because I had invested so much of my time into reading the novel, but I find myself making excuses for not reading it. I wish Ms. Morrison had thought about the impact of making the reading so challenging and had eased up on us just a little bit. I am worn out from focusing on every word, but if I dont, then from one sentence to the next, I lose sight of a character, and then I am lost too! I just hope I can hang on long enough to get to the finish line, where, I know I will have to start all over again! I think this is the universal thought that goes through most minds after attempting to read Paradise. I am not saying that the whole novel was awful because it was not. I thought the theme of the novel was incorporated well through out the novel. The problems were with the organization of the story line, and the development of the characters. The opening sentences of Paradise were attention grabbers. They shoot the white girl first. With the rest they can take there time. No need to hurry out here. They are seventeen miles between it and any other. Hiding places will be plentiful in the Convent, but there time and the day has just begun. The opening chapter is basically the climax of the plot. That is, a group of former law abiding male citizens attacks a group of unarmed women. This is what makes the story line confusing. That is, the beginning of the novel is the ending. Now the opening scene was good; but, instead of continuing from there, the story skips to the abandonment of Haven and the founding of Ruby. The problem was Ms. Morrison choose to tell the story in flashbacks. The story kept going back and forth in time and in different characters point of views. This is how the story began to lose me. Paradise focuses on the all black town rural town of Ruby and the families who reside there. There were nine original families who founded the town. They are the Morgan, Blackhorse, Poole, Fleetwood, Beauchamp, Flood, Cato, and the two DuPres families. The descendants of the nine original families create a version of paradise, hence the title of the book. The nine original families encouraged marrying among themselves to preserve the 8-rock blood. The 8-rocks were the pure blacks who did not have one drop of white blood. These were the families with the dominance in Ruby. The Morgans financed the founding of the town, owned the town bank and most of the land. Because of this, they felt they were the most influential and powerful people in town. The families were tight knit and did not react well to outsiders. The other characters