The Reality Of The Television - 859 Words

That confusion made the audience take the broadcast seriously, and therefore caused mass hysteria. Multiple newspapers from the time reported of people rushing the streets and calling into their local police stations asking about the alien invasion. One firsthand account even states that a couple drove out to the tall timbers in Oregon, turned off the car and just sat there. They wanted their final moments to be together in silence. People actually believed it was happening. (American Experience, 2015) Welles had done it. He tapped into the American psyche, and scared people. In the interview after the broadcast, he denied everything. Dad couldn’t fathom why people would even think the broadcast was real, Welles daughter has said. Welles’s genius didn’t stop at that night in 1938. Intact, through that broadcast, Welles found himself in Hollywood signing a contract with a multiple film deal with RKO Pictures. ( Bogdanovich, 1992) Welles’s contract had one clause that is still rare in Hollywood today, the full creative control clause. Basically, what that means is that RKO guaranteed Welles full control over the films he chose to make, RKO had to release whatever Welles gave them. Welles used this opportunity to voice his opinion of a massive tycoon at the time, William Randolph Hearst. Hearst was a business man that owned the majority of the newspapers in the country. Any story that he didn’t want to be news, was not run. Welles hated this. Not because of HeartsShow MoreRelatedThe Reality Of Reality Television936 Words   |  4 PagesThe reality show phenomenon Have you ever wondered what attracts millions of Americans each week to watch this cultural phenomenon know as reality television? It first started in 1948 when Allen Funt created a TV series called Candid Camera, this is the first known reality television show series. â€Å"Reality television episodes have increased up to 57% of all television shows that can be found on your TV guides† (Shocking). Big Brother was one of the first successful and most viewed reality televisionRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television882 Words   |  4 Pages What is it about these reality shows such as: Keeping Up with the Kardashians, Bad Girls Club, and The Real Housewives that we cannot stop watching? After watching reality shows like this, it leaves people craving the next episode of the next week. Reality television producers are exploiting people by giving the public a â€Å"sense† of reality but not the real version of it, but rather exploit people and use stereotypes to make money for entertainment. The specific points of this argumentRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television991 Words   |  4 PagesWe see content on television every day either to see the news, watch a movie, series or any program we would like to watch. Television give us a different and visually perfect way of entertainment. Reality television is a genre of television which seems to be unscripted showing actions of â€Å"real life†. The viewer sees the reality shows for entertainment but neither the pressure, competitiveness nor loneliness that lives in imagines. To be real -time and people- admiration from viewers, thinking thatRead MoreThe Reality of Reality Television1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reality of Reality Television Jacqueline Knudsen ENG122: English Composition II Jenna Fussell February 2, 2013 The Reality of Reality Television Have you ever set there watching your favorite reality television show and wondered what effects it could have on you, your family or your friends? Truth is most people do not think about the effects television shows can have before watching them or allowing their children to watch them. ThisRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television927 Words   |  4 PagesBehind the Reality of Reality TV There are many different opinions when the subject of reality television is discussed. Although reality television shows are thought to be negative they really are just mindless entertainment. Many can argue that these shows are misleading and disturbing. On the other side of this, people merely use these shows for entertainment and allow people to forget about stress in their lives. The cause of these different opinions is a result of different age, gender, religionRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television1499 Words   |  6 PagesAgainst Reality TV For close to a decade, the ethics behind the existence of reality TV have been questioned. While there are ardent viewers of reality TV, researchers and other scholars disapprove them, and claim that the world would have been in a better place. Reality TV shows, especially in America, are extremely profitable to media owners, and this has increased their popularity in the recent years. The main target audience for these shows are teenagers and women, who spend a lot of time discussingRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television1511 Words   |  7 PagesReality TV is defined as television programs in which real people are continuously filmed, designed to be entertaining rather than informative.(Dictionary) As we all know, in today s world we are presented with numerous Reality TV Show such as Keeping up With the Kardashians, Basket wives and The Real Housewives of Miami. These shows give a false message to their viewers of what is reality and what is purely entertainment. Many reality programs create an artificial environment for the show thatRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesReality television is now one of the most consumed television genres broadcasted to the general public. Reality television has become more about mindless watching and creating the most unrealistic environment possible, rather than creating a show for an important purpose. Today, shows like Beauty and the Geek, Big Brother, and every other reality show fit into this mold, but when viewed critically lessons appear. In the case of TV today, reality shows depict an altered reality because of the unrealisticRead MoreReality Television : Is It Reality?849 Words   |  4 PagesIs it Reality? Pop culture is popular culture that dominates a society at a point in time. Today, reality television is a part of the society’s popular culture (Johnson 289). The question is why? Reality television is a genre of television programming that focuses on members of the public living in conditions made by the creator, and displays how people are intended to behave in everyday life (Johnson 290). Reality television is debasing and should be strictly controlled, if not banned altogetherRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesReality television has taken off over the past few years bringing shows to the airwaves such as the Bachelor and Breaking Amish. One of the more successful reality television shows, which is going off the air after this season, is Duck Dynasty. The show features a cast of redneck white males who have created a fortune making handmade duck calls. Their wives are the typical stay at home moms who cook and clean the house, or as Uncle Si would say, wifely duties. The show is shot in West Monroe, Louisiana

The Engineering Of Civil Engineering - 1486 Words

Civil Engineering covers 19 areas of specialization ranging from geophysics engineering to transportation to construction. Civil engineers abide by many company and government policies in order to shape the modern physical and natural world. They work alongside virtually all types of engineers to design, construct and maintain a large variety of structures such as bridges and dams. This category of engineering dates back 5,000 years to the construction of the Pyramids of Giza. Many of human’s greatest feats, such as the Great Wall of China and the Panama Canal, were made possible because of civil engineering. Even though the civil engineering discipline is very broad, the best engineers have a background of math and science and computer experience. It is vital that in high school, and college, prospective civil engineers take challenging courses to develop an understanding of physics, complex math concepts, and communication skills. Developing technology in a civil engineerâ⠂¬â„¢s workplace make it necessary for computer programming skills. If you do become an engineer, the salary can range from around $50,000 to around $90,000, with the average salary earned rising every year. The bachelor’s degree of civil engineering is usually paired with the bachelor’s degree of environmental engineering because both programs have similar courses. The civil engineering degree is offered at many colleges and universities around the globe. Field Description Civil engineering is the 2ndShow MoreRelatedCivil Engineering And American Engineering1346 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Engineering Not a lot of people know about civil engineering, civil engineering is the building of bridges, roadways, and buildings; but civil engineering is so much more than that. According to Columbia University which is located in New York, civil engineering is arguably the oldest engineering discipline, the old civil engineering discipline or sanitary engineering has evolved into the modern environmental engineering of such significance that most academic departments have changed theirRead MoreCivil Engineering10763 Words   |  44 PagesCivil Construction Materials. | | The material used for construction or the materials used to produce other materials which may be used in construction is called construction material. construction material are: Cement,sand ,water.   Concrete,   Lime,   Stones, Paints and Varnishes,    Wood and Timber, Engineering Metals, Bituminous materials and Plastics,   Rubber and Glass, Miscelleneous materials, http://www.aboutcivil.org/engineering-materials.html Cement Bricklayer Joseph Asp dinRead MoreThe Civil Of Civil Engineering1353 Words   |  6 Pages Civil engineering is more than buildings and bridges. They also design airplanes and pipeline systems under large cities. Civil engineering is a very large field you can do almost anything with.† Civil engineers are responsible for planning and creating building projects, such as water systems, tunnels, bridges and other public works projects. During the design phases of a project, engineers calculate the load requirements and weather conditions that the completed structure needs to withstand.Read MoreIntroduction. Civil Engineering Is A Professional Engineering902 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design of the physical and naturally built environment. One aspect of civil engineering is water resource engineering. Water resource engineering is a specific kind of civil engineering that involves the design of new systems and equipment that help manage the human water resources. In simpler terms water resources engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water. It particularly concernsRead MoreThe Growth of Civil Engineering1179 Words   |  5 Pages Civil engineering is a modern day career that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of public structures. Civil engineering helps the public to have a more efficient life. It mainly deals with the roads, bridges, buildings and waterways which the public uses. One who wants to pursue a career in civil engineering should know why civil engineers are needed, what civil engineers do, and how to become a success ful engineer. Civil engineering is a broad term which coversRead More Civil Engineering Essay557 Words   |  3 PagesCIVIL ENGINEERING nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Civil engineering is the oldest of the main branches of engineering. Civil engineers use their knowledge to supervise and plan construction projects such as roads, airports, bridges, canals, tunnels, and wastewater systems. They also collaborate with architects to design and construct various types of buildings. Some other civil engineering endeavors include highways, airports, pipelines, railroads, levees, and irrigation and sewage systems. CivilRead MoreHistory of Civil Engineering705 Words   |  3 PagesCivil Engineering What is Civil Engineering? Civil Engineering is the most oldest engineering. It manages and deals with the built environment and might be dated to the first time somebody placed a roof over his or her head or laid a trunk of tree over a river to make it easier to get over. The built environment incorporates much of what characterizes advanced civilization. Bridges and buildings are frequently the first developments that come to mind, as they are the most prominent creations of structuralRead MoreThe Importance Of Civil Engineering1102 Words   |  5 PagesCivil engineering is probably the oldest field of engineering it was when someone decided to build something, a home or perhaps a bridge. It was around before people started calling it that in 1771 with John Smeaton being the first person to call themselves a civil engineer. Civil engineers are necessary to our world they design, build and maintain roads, buildings, bridges, sewer systems, and a whole slew of things that are necessary for our society. They must also be able to come up with a wayRead MoreHistory Of Civil Engineering And Development Of Sanitary Engineering1117 Words   |  5 PagesName Institution Course: Instructor Date of Submission History of Civil Engineering 1. Hiram F. Mills (1836 - 1921) Hiram Mills is considered to have pioneered the development of sanitary engineering (Calvo 1). During his time, he served as one of the chief engineers who made improvements in water quality by employing a broad array of water engineering concepts ranging from filtration to treatment. On the river banks of Merrimack, Mills succeed in developing the first slow-sand filtration systemRead More Civil Engineering Essay1865 Words   |  8 PagesCivil Engineering Throughout my lifetime, I have never had to think very much about the working world and everything that went with it. All through high school I took classes I liked or thought would be interesting to me, but never thought that all of those classes were preparing me for what was to come. Before I knew it, it was time to go to college. The four years of high school had flown by and now it was time to choose a major for college. I had never given much thought as to what

International Marketing Case of Made Group Australia

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketingfor Case of Made Group Australia. Answer: Introduction International marketing is always tough for organisations. When a company contemplates to launch its products and services in another county it has to combat different external factors which are important to be implemented successfully in the favor of the organisation. It is important to mention that most of the companies when engaging in international marketing have to take into account number of aspects which would help them to understand the internal and external environment of the chosen international market and make the movements accordingly to strategise international marketing plan. Taking into account various conditions and assessing them to good effect is likely to ensure better result from the international marketing. Creating an effective international marketing plan will involve gathering of information about the country where the company is planning to launch its products. The present study will entail the discussion of external analysis of the company Made Group. The co mpany has planned to launch milk products in the Philippines that have good market especially in the diary industry. The main objective of international marketing plan is to focus on the key areas where the products will be sold and strategise the marketing plan in order to get the best result out of the international marketing plan (Terpstra et al., 2012). The present study will include external analysis of the company Made Group, discussing the market choice for the company and finally startegising the market entry of Made Group in the Philippines Market. Overview of the Company and Internalization of Products Made Group is one of the leading companies located in the Australian eastern seaboard of Melbourne. The company is one of the leading beverage production companies in the country and now plans to sell milk products overseas focusing on the Asian market. Within 10 years Made Group has become a leading beverage brand in the country. Made Group Australia was launched by three school friends Luke Marget, Matt Dennis and Brad Wilson has been working consistently well with the company. It is important to mention that the company since its inception has worked on its objectives and mission statement. The company has a very precise mission statement that helps it to focus on the long term and short objectives of providing people with good and environment friendly products. The mission statement of the company is to produce innovative products which are good for the consumers as well as favorable for the planet and it is doing exactly that by developing products like Rokeby Farms, Cocobella a nd other products which are made in an organic way and is nutritious for human health as well as they are not harmful for the planet. As the mission statement suggests the company does significant amount of work for the environment through its product manufacturing process as well as its waste management procedure. The mission statement of the company is to develop innovative products and the company think tank is constantly engaged in developing effective milk products and other beverages which have the capacity to compete in the market and gain competitive advantage (Cavusgil et al., 2014). The company has had back to back 50% increase in its sales for the past three years and generates around 120 million AUD every year. Made Group has some of the best branded beverages in the country like Cocobella, Rokeby Farms and impressed juices. With the gradual increase in sales the company has been able to focus on developing market share for the business and has taken one step ahead especially by sealing a deal to distribute milk products across the Philippines. Made Group is the first company to supply PET Bottled milk to Asia through sea (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). The internalisation of the milk products for the company in Philippines is seen as a crucial step ahead for the company and hence it is important that Made Group is able to assess its external market and ideate plans to develop its international marketing plan that would help to operate smoothly in the international market. The Dairy industry in Philippines is exposed to the international companies. As per the rec ord the Dairy industry of Philippines is 95% import and 5% export. The huge percentage of the milk imports in Philippines was highlighted in the dairy industry performance report which showed that in financial year 2013 the country imported around 99% of the total milk which was around 1,965.15 thousand metric tons. In this scenario the company has taken the right decision to export milk to Philippines as there is a huge demand of milk and milk products in the country (Paliwoda Thomas, 2013). External Environment of Made Group The external environment of the company Made Group when launching its products in a foreign country becomes much more diverse as especially when compared to its internal conditions. The key aspects of the external environment of the company could be analysed in different ways. A proper PESTEL Analysis and understanding market trend and competitors will give a fair bit of idea about the external environment of the business. PESTEL Analysis Political: Made Group has emerged to be one of the leading beverage brands in Australia. It is important to mention that the company has got the support of the central and the local government to operate its business. The company abides by the tax law of Australia and also follows the policies (Gilligan Hird, 2012). Given a friendly relation between the company and the government it will get a favorable place to operate smoothly even in the Philippines. It is likely to build up a good rapport with the official body like the National Dairy Authority and the Agricultural body in the country Philippines. The Dairy industry of Philippines largely depends on the import of milk and milk products in the county to suffice the milk and milk products requirements in the country and hence tries to be provide all the available resources to the companies operating in this sector and hence Made Group is likely to have a good time operating in the country (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Economic: Made Group has gradually come up the graph to develop a strong platform for itself in the Australian beverage market and has experienced significant increase in its sales growth. It contemplates the same rise in the Philippines market (Chaffey et al., 2009). But it could be said that the company might have revamp its financial planning in order to get the same response as in Australia. The Philippines Government has introduced a very holistic plan for the country which has made the country work on opening up avenues for the foreign companies that would likely to provide open network of business for Made Group. The company expects its revenue to rise by another 50% in the coming year but it is important to mention that there is a significant amount of competition in the country especially in the dairy import trade and hence the organisation Made Group should focus on developing a strong financial plan to work on their movement in the country (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Social: Made Group in the last ten years have been a good employer in Australia. The company has provided employment to number of talents. The demographics of Australia are quite similar to Philippines and hence it would be easier for the company to come closer to the consumers in the Philippines Market (Cadogan et al., 2009). Technological: Made works with the latest technology. It has a well developed website and the operation is also cloud based that helps the company to develop effective communication with its consumers. The country Philippines have invested a large amount of money in developing and researching on technology. One of the major industries in the country and hence it will have effective technological support while supplying milk in the country (Ghauri Cateora, 2010). Environmental: One of the key aspects of the operation of this company is it is focused on working ethically safeguarding the environment. The company follows green packaging. It tries to use less plastic and paper and also contributes to the welfare of the environment which gives it competitive advantage in the market (Verbeke, 2013). Legal: Legally Made Group has been very particular in taking care of the product regulations. In Australia it is important to abide by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission act which mainly helps the government to look at both the sides of the coin (Ruzo et al., 2011). The above PESTEL Analysis shows the position of the company in the local market when it is gradually moving towards launching its products in the foreign market. Overall it could be said that PESTEL analysis is able to show the external environment of the organisation and helps to plan its international marketing strategies (Gehlhar et al., 2009). As a foreign company trying to break into the foreign market of Philippines it is essential for the company to understand its market or consumers, the economic trend in the Philippines market, competitors as well as the demographics of the country that largely affect the sales and revenue of the company Made Group. Market: The dairy market of Philippines is highly competitive as shown in the statistics of the National Dairy Authority. The country has around 95% of Milk product import which states that the maximum need of milk and milk products is sufficed through the import. The local consumption of milk and milk products in the Philippines market have increased rapidly in the last few years which clearly indicates the reason of immense competition in the dairy market of Philippines. In the last financial year of 2015 the total amount of milk product import has raised up to 192.8 million USD. The import of milk and milk products has shown rising trend. The milk import table till 2015 march is given below: VOLUME OF MILK MILK PRODUCTS IMPORTS (in million kilograms) Dairy Products 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (Jan-Mar) Skimmilk powder 107.16 109.43 103.88 110.64 93.05 22.85 Wholemilk powder 31.64 27.82 31.43 25.64 19.20 5.71 Evaporated Milk 0.48 0.31 0.86 0.14 0.22 0.07 Buttermilk/ Buttermilk Powder 19.47 20.27 24.82 22.22 18.60 5.19 Whey Powder 41.51 39.16 42.01 43.75 49.21 14.13 Liquid (RTD) Milk 49.75 47.08 36.06 48.58 44.20 9.91 Cream 4.55 8.25 9.46 2.91 3.38 0.62 Condensed Milk 5.51 3.58 3.01 4.41 7.99 0.53 Others 23.20 8.40 18.04 21.62 22.80 6.09 MILK AND CREAM 284.27 264.30 269.57 279.91 258.65 65.10 Butter/Butterfat 21.20 20.26 17.73 15.82 16.50 5.60 Cheese 11.10 14.96 17.46 12.54 13.73 4.46 Curd 2.70 1.16 0.69 0.79 1.77 0.67 MILK IMPORTS 319.70 300.68 305.45 309.06 290.65 75.83 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority/National Dairy Authority Economic trend in the dairy industry of the Philippines have risen significantly and import have contributed largely to the overall need of the consumers looking for milk in the country. Philippines as a nation have been able to mitigate the risk of global recession and hence it could be said that the country is likely to see a possible upward movement in its economy ((Cavusgil et al., 2014). Made Group will face significant competition in the Philippines Dairy market in form importers like Nestle Corporation, Alaska Milk Corporation, and Monde Nissin, Commodity Quest Inc. These companies cover up significant section of the market and hence the competition will become tougher when Made group come into the picture. One of the major competitors in the market is Nestle which serves almost all kinds of milk products and Pet bottled Milks and has almost around 35% of the market share in the Philippines market (De Wit Meyers, 2010). Milk is loved by all and it is a universal product which is nutrition and effective for all ages and hence demographics in this case are favorable for the company. But Made Group with its skimmed milk, impressed juices, Pet Bottled Milk is effective for young and old people. It is important to mention that most of the consumers in the country drink milk and hence the targeted demographics for the company are quite wide. SWOT Analysis of Made Group Strengths Renowned Beverage Company in Australia. Substantial market share in the country. Diversified products and services in dairy industry. Powerful brand in the country. Weaknesses Poor international presence. Fewer brands of products. High cost of developing new brands Opportunities Open Philippines dairy market Growth in the retail sector. Increased interest of dairy products. Development in technology. Threats Huge Competition in the form of Nestle, Quest Inc. Constant pressure in the domestic market. Huge options for the consumers. Large investment in internationalisation of products (Sheth, 2011). Market Choice Philippines have been one of the richest dairy industries with 95% import and 5% export. It is important for the company to understand the market as well as the demand. As reflected from the statistics there is a huge demand for Milk and milk products and hence it could be said that the company Made Group has focused on addressing the key markets of the country. The company has mainly focused on promoting its Pet Bottled skimmed Milk which is its best product. The company will promote its premium branded products like Cocobella and Impressed Juices and Rokeby Farms in all the major market in the country. This will help the company to get into the groove of competition in the Philippines market with the likes of Nestle Corporation. Since the supply will be done overseas it is important for the company to get its best step forward (Morgan et al., 2012). International Marketing Strategy The international Marketing strategy of the company will focus on direct export in the form of market penetration. The company will focus on market penetration since maximum of the Philippines market consumes milk and it would be easier for the company to distribute its product. The company should initially focus on direct export and then once consumers are aware of the quality and brand of the product the company could also shift to franchising (Armstrong et al., 20120. Direct export market penetration will help the company to reach to the core consumers and understand their needs and wants which would help the company to address them effectively. Milk products is a widely loved products and seeing the trend in the Philippines dairy market the market penetration would be highly effective for the company due to the high level of competition it will have to combat. The Philippines dairy market is comparatively competitive with number of retailers and wholesalers operating in the marke t and some of them are Mead Johnson Nutrition, Commodity Quest Inc., Wyeth Philippines, Consolidated Dairy Frozen Food Corp., Monde Nissin, Alaska milk corp., Nestle Corporation. Given this high level of competition it is extremely important that the company focuses on developing a strong penetration strategy that would help to operate in the Philippines market effectively (Vrontis et al., 2009). Conclusion From the above discussion it is pretty clear that the Philippines market is highly open to competition in the dairy market. It is important for Made Group to focus on assessing its external environment assess its key strength and develop appropriate strategy to operate in the Philippines market. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2012.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Cadogan, J.W., Kuivalainen, O. and Sundqvist, S., 2009. Export market-oriented behavior and export performance: quadratic and moderating effects under differing degrees of market dynamism and internationalization.Journal of International Marketing,17(4), pp.71-89. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Wit, B. and Meyer, R., 2010.Strategy: process, content, context; an international perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. Gehlhar, M.J., Regmi, A., Stefanou, S.E. and Zoumas, B.L., 2009. Brand leadership and product innovation as firm strategies in global food markets.Journal of Product Brand Management,18(2), pp.115-126. Ghauri, P.N. and Cateora, P.R., 2010.International marketing(pp. 15-16). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Gilligan, C. and Hird, M., 2012.International marketing: strategy and management(Vol. 17). Routledge. Hultman, M., Robson, M.J. and Katsikeas, C.S., 2009. Export product strategy fit and performance: An empirical investigation.Journal of International Marketing,17(4), pp.1-23. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Mayer, R. and Johnston, K., 2009.Internet marketing: strategy, implementation and practice. Pearson Education. Morgan, N.A., Katsikeas, C.S. and Vorhies, D.W., 2012. Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), pp.271-289. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013.International marketing. Routledge. Ruzo, E., Losada, F., Navarro, A. and Dez, J.A., 2011. Resources and international marketing strategy in export firms: implications for export performance.Management Research Review,34(5), pp.496-518. Sheth, J.N., 2011. Impact of emerging markets on marketing: Rethinking existing perspectives and practices.Journal of Marketing,75(4), pp.166-182. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Turnbull, P.W. and Valla, J.P. eds., 2013.Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A. and Lamprianou, I., 2009. International marketing adaptation versus standardisation of multinational companies.International Marketing Review,26(4/5), pp.477-500.

Professional Responsibilities and Knowledge in Nursing

Question: What is Critical Reflection, Critical Analysisdurinig nursing practices?Describe Them and After then write down what is conclusion u have founded duringnursing practices? Answer: Introduction Understanding of professional responsibilities and knowledge of the pre-requisite competencies are two main principal requirement of nursing practice. Most of these learning with respect to the competencies can be acquired with the help of nursing education, which form the foundation of professional basis. Furthermore with time and with the learning opportunities by virtue of involvement in routine nursing practice, more competencies can be acquired into the personal perception of any nurse. In other words, the competencies being acquired in the course of professional time, is referred to as experience. It is hence, with this preliminary definition, it can be understood that the scope of the present report is thus based on the description and illustration of the learning, requirement for the conduct and execution of effective nursing practice. This information will ultimately reflex the optimistic vision of professional in terms of clinical decision, decision support and use of wisdo m in the routine practice. In particular, this assignment will reflect on the practical learning need to develop and enhance my professional development as a nursing student. The assignment shall be written in the first person and confidentiality shall be maintained in accordance of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010). In order to generate knowledge one has to reflect the theoretical learning and find out practical knowledge that lies buried with their own practice (Rolfe, 2001). I have decided to use Rolfe (2001) model which is based on the What, So What and Now What concepts in order to reflect upon time when I gave the nursing handover. The PREP guideline (NMC, 2011) is going to be referred in the whole assignment of my learning need. The learning practical need I have to choose to reflect on, is to communicate effectively during handover. Communication with respect to the documentation part (handover) is important as it conveys the medium of knowledge translation, shar ing of information, keeping the record of information and helps in professional conducting of routine practice. It is hence the present report can be referred to as a self-reflection part, where the learning input, sources, factors impacting, probable outcomes, improvement areas and region for implementing changes are mentioned and described with evidences and reference. Furthermore, it is also noteworthy to mention that the crucial information, which I have added in the present report, has been based on my self-analysis as well as based on the ideology and views of experts in the field with the help of various literatures. The information contained within various literatures are thereby correlated and cross-referred with each other, in order to exclude any false positive information (Street, 2011, pp.133; Sexton, 2004). Furthermore, it was believed that the importance of this report lies in context to the future prospect part, where efforts can be input for the improvement in nursi ng practice. Critical reflection During my placement I was allocated to look after a two patients under supervision from my mentor. During my initial days, I had been caring for these patients and because of low content of knowledge with respect to the documentation; I found difficulty in preparing and providing the handover to the next shift. According OConnell, MacDonald Kelly (2008, pp.2) allowing students nurses to take accountability for getting better the quality of their handovers will develop continuity of care, patient safety and outcomes. I believed that my mentor would give handover as she had been doing it all the time. Although I have been listening to staff giving handover several times, but at that particular time, especially on my first day of professional accountability, I was not prepared to incorporate the requisite information to be added for the completion of the handover report. It is hence the information I was giving to the incoming staff was not adequate and appropriate. When handing over I was mumbling at times and it was unclear to other staff, where the patient background information, suggestions from other professionals, my reflection for the care and intervention requirement of the patient, critical information regarding medication, diet, patient posture and other important details have not b een included. My mentor noticed that I was struggling and she took over the job of preparing the handover and make it complete. While my mentor was preparing the handover, I noticed these parameters to be crucial and necessary for delivering the information to next nursing professional. According to Cohen Hilligoss (2009) unsuccessful handover increases the possibility of errors in medication, draws back the course of treatment, and decreases patient satisfaction and stays longer in hospital. Furthermore, the organizational objective of improved health care practices, increased patient satisfaction, and positive patient outcome was also found to be hampered with the inclusion of error in the documentation part (kerr, 2011, pp.342). After the handover, I reflected on my practice, as I felt embarrassed and ashamed because I was not confident enough and lack the requisite knowledge for the preparation of handover with respect to my nursing practice. I thus realised that the theoretical knowledge with respect to the crucial information of patient, details of the care and measures needed for the health restoration of the patient, use of appropriate terminology and vocabulary, following the procedure and methods in accordance to the organizational policies, local and national guideline framework, are crucial (Chaboyer, 2010, pp.27). My mentor took me aside and reassured me saying that it happens to everyone but with practice I will construct my confidence gradually. According to Collins (2004, pp.12) a session of patient handovers in a secure atmosphere can help student nurses to build up the skills and self-confidence required to take into practice successfully. This opportunity has given me an insight to plan my pe rsonal improvement needs in relation to handover and think about how to apply the learning into practice. According to Kitson, Muntlin, Elliott, Cant (2014, pp.1228) a more robust approach is required to know the complex process of getting better nursing communication behaviours, mostly around the nursing handover. These approaches use the usage of appropriate terminologies and vocabulary that should be standard and common in nursing practice usage. The advantage of this term lies in context to the that the standard terminologies provides advantage when it comes for sharing of the information from one hand to another hand. Thus the scope of miscommunication, confusion and problem with respect to understanding of critical terms is thus minimized, which reduces the possibility of error in the nursing care and intervention (Anderson, 2014). The first part I realised is to be familiar with the format of the handover. I noted that there are various formats that are needed to take care, while working in other department, and the relevance of each format is crucial. Next as mentioned in the earlier context, that the use of standard vocabularies and terminologies while preparing the handover is crucial. Knowledge of both of these can be learned and acquired in the course of nursing learning. Other important and crucial requirements understand the type of information that are necessary to be incorporated in the handover. The specifications with respect to the treatment and care plan of the patient, use of medication and combination of drugs for the treatment should be mention with respect to route of administration, quantity of dosing, frequency and timing of medication management (Staggers Blaz, 2013, pp.247). Likewise, the diet related information, patient posture while moving, any special requirement of the patient and re levant details are also needed to be incorporated in the handover, which will help in understanding to the nurse of next shift. All these information ensures that the care and treatment course of patient is not being hampered with respect to job and nursing responsibilities in the institution. I also realised that the assessment of patient taken during the session of responsibility, the critical reflection obtained with the help of assessment, special referral or discussion related information that are confirmed from other multi-disciplinary professionals are also necessary to be incorporated in the handover. My mentor, suggested me that these information are crucial not only for the part of informational exchange from one professional to another, but is also crucial for the documentation and record keeping purpose. These documents are thus helpful for the future course of analysis, clinical judgement and necessary implementation measures to be taken for the wellbeing of the patient . With the narrated scenario, I realised that the documentation and communication approach in preparation of the handover is thus crucial part of professional responsibility and routine practice. It is thus, owing to this experience, I attempted to go for further reading and discussion with my mentor as well as other senior nurses, which facilitates in improvement as well as increment in the knowledge regarding the documentation and handover preparation. Critical Analysis With reference to the above discussed content, it can be clearly understood that the concern of this self-reflection report is based on the illustration of effective communication skills in conjunction to documentation and handover preparation. The crucial reflection shed light on a real part scenario, which pave importance on the learning and adoption of requisite nursing competencies. Moving on to the next, the present section deals with the critical analytical part of the same concern, which I learned by virtue of literature survey and in the due course of professional practice afterwards. Certainly, the learning and understanding of the contents in this regards, helps in achieving the professional requirements, which are analysed (Holly Poletick, 2013). According to Kerr (2014) communication forms an integral part in the health care services, as it is the key player in deciding the fate of health and social care outcome. In simple terms the approach of exchange the view, ideology, concern, expression and emotional attributes are crucial along with the treatment regime and medications. It is equally important to understand the requirement of patient, the concern of the health care professionals and sustaining the morale of the patient, which ensures the effectiveness and efficacy of the completely health care service exchange system (Ganz, 2015, pp.49). The advantage of effective communication skills lies in the context of framing partnership models, establishing trustworthy relationship; reduce the complication of information dissemination and accurate exchange of information among both the health care providers and health care consumers. The relevant communication theories applicable to the present scenario are (Klim, 2013, pp.2233 ; OConnell, 2014, pp.560; Li, 2012, pp.941): (1) Activation theory of information exposure(2) Health belief model(3) Theory of reasoned action(4)Fear appeals theory It is important to state that these nursing theories and nursing practice models are not only effective with respect to the understanding of documentation part, but are also relevant with respect to the communication strategies (verbal and non-verbal) other than documentation. With the advancement, the improvement and implementation has been performed with maximum effort to ensure effective communication flow at the health care settings. These efforts include, usage of IT resources, communication devices cum monitoring equipment and occupational training to staff and health care professionals (McMurray, 2011, pp.19). It is hence along with the regular health care related competencies, the professionals are also required to make use of the resources and tools for increasing the effectiveness of the process. The common methods of communication are usage of internet resources, videos, DVDs and audio recording. These methods will not only facilitate the exchange of information from both the ends, but will also help in ensuring that the message is being received and understood by both the parties (Hunt, 2012, pp.310). Regarding the confidentiality and security of patient information, data protection Act of 1998 is suitable where the information cannot be used without the consent of the patient. It is important to make clear that the documentation and information practices within the health care settings are a part of communication where information storage, retrieval and exchange are main issues. Personally I revealed that the use of standardized vocabularies and terminologies in the documentation is also necessary to ensure error free information exchange between multi-disciplinary professionals. Likewise, appropriate training and resources should be provided to the health care professionals to deal with cultural and ethnical diverse health care consumers. Special training and assistance should be provided to the patients having poor English proficiency and hearing impairment. Avoiding the excessive usage of medical jargons, especially in the context of general health care consumers is also one o f the good practices (Staggers, 2011, pp.209; Gage, 2012, pp.43). Other important legislation constitutes, National Health Service Act of 2006 and Health and Social Care Act 2012. These guidelines described related to the training and assistance to the health care professionals, functions and responsibilities of the professionals, regulatory bodies to collect intervention record, assessment records, monitoring the procedure and protocols, interaction and communication approach by the health care professionals with the consumer, and similar issues. The ethical and legislation criteria of local, national and international code of conducts should be take care while attempting to impose a positive communication impact. These attributes, include the following points, which I learned are (Eberhardt, 2014, pp17; Lu, 2013): (1) Restriction of inappropriate language(2)Restriction and training to avoid usage of incongruent language(3) Clear and precise communication to avoid any misinterpretation(4) Breach of confidentiality(5) Breach of trust within the scope of health care practice(6) Ethical conduct to avoid any threat and abuse(7) Respect to the power of the individual, autonomy and choice of patient with respect to the health restoration method. Health care settings should facilitate necessary resources and requirements to ensure that health care professionals face minimal challenges while interacting with the consumers having poor or no English literacy cum proficiency. Use of internet resources, information system, evidence based practice, inclusion of third party, translator, family members in communication is worthy in this regard. Effective strategies of communication are necessary not only to deal with single target audience, but are also necessary for conveying the message and receiving the response from mass community and from other health care professionals. Apart from the handover in conjunction to the discussed concern, there are other means, which I realised are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of the communication process. Conference, flyers, newspapers, publication and use of media resources are always found to be worthy when it comes to address huge mass (Bradley Mott, 2013). Public policy pave crucial role in this regard by defining and mentioning effective guidelines to deal with the communication strategies for communication. (Scott, 2012, pp.14) Particularly in NHS, RIO is one of the approaches where the information and related content of patient are used to be stored in form of electronic records and database. This helps in making a common point or repository for the community health related information (Gage, 2013). The effectiveness in the communication skills among the health care professionals can be improved with some of the suggestions as mentioned in the preceding section. The particular mode of improvisation in the communication process is mediated thorough appropriate training for health care professionals (Clarey, 2014, pp.419). Effective and efficient communication skills is one of the most essential competency for health care professionals which ensures that the meaning and convention of any ideology, concern and review is translational among various personals associated with the health care practices. Understanding cultural diversity, respecting the values of individual, offer equality in terms of treatment and health care requirement are the noteworthy elements in this regard (Ferguson Cioffi, 2011, pp.5). The effectiveness in communication means should be made included within the requirements of health care practice by the policy priority means. It is hence sufficient ethical and legislative measures should be present as active part in the guidelines and regulatory measures of day-to-day practices. Particularly in the field of health care, it is the duty of educators, leaders and managers to ensure that effective means of communication is processed and channelized in the routine health care practice (Pope, 2012, pp.24). On the contrary, the most effective strategy for improvement in the communication methodology is the understanding of the professional responsibility by the health care professionals itself. It is hence the motivation of professional satisfaction and professionals characteristics can work for being a patient listener and effective advocator irrespective of any issue within the content of health care services (Allan, 2011, pp.847). With the help of learning and understanding from literature review, I learned that an appropriate and accurate handover should include following points (Voyer, 2013; Johnson, 2012, pp.462): (1) Patient background information(2) Patient assessment related information(3) Details and suggestions of any other health care professional(4) Information with respect to the dietary concern, adverse food drug information, dietary precaution, administration of medication in conjunction to dietary habits.(5) Medication management and the legal and ethical concerns involved in the medication management.(6) Clinical decision, involved in the course of intervention and treatment regime involved.(7) Decision support and discussion minutes if carried out with other nurses and other health care professionals.(8) Detail of the description with respect to the use of wisdom in the decision making process.(9) Electronic prescribing, storage, retrieval and exchange of information, if needed.(10) Connection with a common server, hence the information can be accessed from any point, anywhere within and outside the health care settings, as per the requirement in the nursing practice.(11) Support and development for the ongoing operational processes, in conjunction to the on-going nursing intervention or treatment regime.(12) Risk identification and assessment as per the situation. It should be noted that the present concern is also important to be communicated verbally, depending upon the requirement and need of the hour.(13) Details of any instrumental necessities with respect to the assigned responsibility. These information can also be linked with the instrument specifications, readings, defects, need for the up-gradation and other related requirements. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the present report illustrated the critical reflection and critical analysis the nursing competencies with respect to communication strategy for documentation and communication by handover. The error in nursing practices is majorly linked with the documentation and handover part, and hence the said paradigm should be understood with depth knowledge and attention. All the learning, which I conferred with the help of theoretical and professional experience, is thus summarized in the report. 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